The containment structure encasing the Chornobyl reactor core within Ukraine has lost its primary function of blocking radiation, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). This failure follows a drone strike earlier this year that caused significant damage in the protective shell.
An attack by an unmanned aerial vehicle in the second month of the year severely damaged the so-called “new safe confinement” arch. This massive shield, constructed for €1.5bn and completed in 2019, was designed to seal off radioactive material over the long term. A recent IAEA assessment mission confirmed that the strike had weakened the structural integrity of the steel confinement.
The [protective structure] had lost its primary safety functions, including the confinement capability, said IAEA director general Rafael Grossi. Grossi noted that the mission confirmed no lasting harm to its load-bearing structures or sensor systems.
The initial 1986 explosion at the Chernobyl plant – which occurred when Ukraine was part of the USSR – released radiation over much of Europe. During a frantic containment effort, Soviet engineers built a concrete “sarcophagus” over the ruined reactor, though it possessed only a 30-year lifespan. The New Safe Confinement was erected to enable the future dismantling of the old sarcophagus, the destroyed reactor hall, and the melted nuclear fuel itself.
Although limited repairs have been carried out, agency officials emphasized that a full-scale repair effort is absolutely necessary. This is needed to stop additional deterioration and to ensure safety for the coming decades. Ukrainian authorities previously reported that a drone armed with a powerful explosive hit the plant, igniting a blaze and compromising the protective cladding.
These developments underscore the ongoing vulnerabilities at one of the world's most infamous atomic accident locations amid ongoing armed conflict.
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